The Great Pacific Garbage Patch was initially discovered in
1997 by oceanographer Charles Moore while sailing home to Southern California
after finishing the Transpacific Yacht Race. He stated,
"I was confronted, as far as the eye could see, with the sight of plastic…In
the week it took to cross the subtropical high, no matter what time of day I
looked, plastic debris was floating everywhere: bottles, bottle caps, wrappers,
fragments."
A three-year study conducted by The Ocean Cleanup Foundation
and published in Scientific
Reports recently confirmed this find, and stated that the giant mass of
garbage is now double the size of Texas. Scientists estimate that this floating
island of garbage is 1.6 million kilometers in size, which is 16 times larger
than previous estimates.
Where Did All The
Garbage Come From?
The recent study was conducted by an international team of
scientists, six universities, and an aerial sensor company. During the study,
the group surveyed and collected trash using devises to measure the found
objects. An aircraft was also used and fitted with sensors to collect 3D scans
of the “island.” By the conclusion of the study, the group had collected a
total of 1.2 million plastic samples and scanned more than 300 square kilometers.
They found that the huge, swirling pile of trash is made up
of many different things. Almost half of it is comprised of “ghost nets,” or
discarded fishing nets. Another 20 percent is thought to be debris from the
2011 Japanese tsunami. The majority of the pile contains larger objects, while
only 8 percent is estimated to be microplastics (pieces smaller than 5
millimeters in size).
In a statement
from The Ocean Cleanup Foundation, Chief Scientist Julia Reisser said that, "We
were surprised by the amount of large plastic objects we encountered…We used to
think most of the debris consists of small fragments, but this new analysis
shines a new light on the scope of the debris.”
The principal research scientist for the Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Australia, Britta
Denise Hardesty, participated in a previous study and found that discarded
fishing gear made up a significant amount of marine plastic pollution
worldwide. Her study estimated that 640,000 tons of fishing gear is lost to the
marine environment each year.
“The Trash Isles”
Because the patch is so large, environmentalists have called
on the United Nations to declare the Great Pacific Garbage Patch a country,
naming it the "The Trash Isles," complete with its own passport and
currency, called debris. In addition, environmentalists have solicited 200,000
people to become citizens, including celebrities Sir David Attenborough, Chris
Hemsworth, and Gal Gadot. The first citizen was former US vice president and
environmentalist Al Gore. While done in jest, this move hoped to raise
awareness of the ever growing issue in the Pacific.
Can Anything Be Done?
Even though Hardesty’s study had found that fishing gear
made up the majority of marine pollution, she stated that, "lt's not fair
to just blame it on the fishermen or the top 20 countries for mismanaging waste...Instead
we need to look at the true value and cost of plastics, and factor in the costs
of livelihood and tourism." She went on to conclude that plastic pollution
in the ocean is both visible and trackable, helping scientists document it. However,
people can help slow it down by recycling and limiting their purchase of
plastics and other single-use items. She encourages all to “think about mindful
alternatives.”